Module 16

MODULE 16. PISTON ENGINE :

A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion. 

16.1 Fundamentals
        Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies; Operating principles — 2 stroke, 4 stroke,
        Otto and Diesel;
        Piston displacement and compression ratio;
        Engine configuration and firing order.

16.2 Engine Performance
        Power calculation and measurement;
        Factors affecting engine power;
        Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

16.3 Engine Construction
       Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;
       Accessory gearbox;
       Cylinder and piston assemblies;
      Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;
      Valve mechanisms;
      Propeller reduction gearboxes.

16.4 Engine Fuel Systems

16.4.1 Carburetors
           Types, construction and principles of operation;
            Icing and heating.

16.4.2 Fuel injection systems
           Types, construction and principles of operation.

16.4.3 Electronic engine control
          Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems
          including electronic engine control (FADEC);
          Systems lay-out and components.

16.5 Starting and Ignition Systems
        Starting systems, pre-heat systems;
        Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;
        Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;
        Low and high tension systems.

16.6 Induction, Exhaust and Cooling Systems
       Construction and operation of: induction systems
        including alternate air systems;
        Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.

16.7 Supercharging/Turbocharging
        Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters;
        Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;
        System terminology;
       Control systems;
       System protection.

16.8 Lubricants and Fuels
       Properties and specifications;
       Fuel additives;
       Safety precautions.

16.9 Lubrication Systems
        System operation/lay-out and components.

16.10 Engine Indication Systems
          Engine speed;
          Cylinder head temperature; Coolant temperature;
          Oil pressure and temperature; Exhaust Gas Temperature; Fuel pressure and flow; Manifold                  pressure.

16.11 Powerplant Installation
          Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts,                hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and 

      drains.

16.12 Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Procedures for starting and ground run-up;                          Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;
          Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine                        manufacturer.

16.13 Engine Storage and Preservation
          Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/ systems