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Module 15

MODULE 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE
15.1 Fundamentals
        Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;
        The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration;
        Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turbo shaft, turboprop.

15.2 Engine Performance
        Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust,
        thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption;
        Engine efficiencies;
        By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;
        Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow;
       Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating,
       limitations.

15.3 Inlet
        Compressor inlet ducts
        Effects of various inlet configurations;
        Ice protection.

15.4 Compressors
         Axial and centrifugal types;
         Constructional features and operating principles and applications;
         Fan balancing;
         Operation:
         Causes and effects of compressor stall and surge;
         Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator
         vanes, rotating stator blades;
        Compressor ratio.

15.5 Combustion Section
        Constructional features and principles of operation.

 15.6 Turbine Section
        Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;
        Blade to disk attachment;
        Nozzle guide vanes;
       Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.

 15.7 Exhaust
        Constructional features and principles of operation;
        Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;
        Engine noise reduction;
        Thrust reversers.

 15.8 Bearings and Seals
        Constructional features and principles of operation.

15.9 Lubricants and Fuels
        Properties and specifications;
        Fuel additives;
        Safety precautions.

15.10 Lubrication Systems
          System operation/lay-out and components.

15.11 Fuel Systems
          Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems
          including electronic engine control (FADEC);
          Systems lay-out and components.

15.12 Air Systems
          Operation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal
          cooling, sealing and external air services.

15.13 Starting and Ignition Systems
          Operation of engine start systems and components;
          Ignition systems and components;
          Maintenance safety requirements.

15.14 Engine Indication Systems
          Exhaust Gas Temperature/Interstage Turbine
          Temperature;
          Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio, engine turbine discharge pressure or
          jet pipe pressure systems;
          Oil pressure and temperature;
          Fuel pressure and flow;
          Engine speed;
          Vibration measurement and indication;
          Torque;
          Power.

15.15 Power Augmentation Systems
         Operation and applications;
         Water injection, water methanol;
         Afterburner systems.

15.16 Turbo-prop Engines
          Gas coupled/free turbine and gear coupled turbines; 
          Reduction gears;
          Integrated engine and propeller controls;
          Overspeed safety devices.

15.17 Turbo-shaft engines
          Arrangements, drive systems, reduction gearing,
          couplings, control systems.

15.18 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)
          Purpose, operation, protective systems.

15.19 Power plant Installation
          Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration
          mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting
          points and drains.

15.20 Fire Protection Systems
         Operation of detection and extinguishing systems.

15.21 Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation
          Procedures for starting and ground run-up;
          Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;
          Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring;
          Inspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine
           manufacturer;
         Compressor washing/cleaning;
         Foreign Object Damage.

15.22 Engine Storage and Preservation
          Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/ systems.

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